Push the Lane – Keith Burgun

Push the Lane: Loot in a Strategy Game?

Posted: January 07, 2018 Under: Game Design By Keith Burgun 6 Comments

Since Push the Lane entered this latest phase back in mid-2017 (basically after the failed Kickstarter version, which was much more puzzle-game-like), it has become much more videogamey. By that, I mean, it has focused a lot more on fighting, monsters, items, special abilities, moving around a big map and such. I have been thinking of it more like "a Rogue-like DotA" recently; a turn-based, single player League of Legends. With that thought, I always kind of had it in the corner of my mind somewhere that it would be pretty cool if the game had "loot" somehow. My general feeling and belief about loot has been, for years, that it has really no place in strategy games. But maybe there's a way? First, let's define the term.

What is loot?

I think most of the time the word "loot" is used, it refers to randomly dropping items. For me, the classic version of "loot" is item drops in Diablo, or a Rogue-like. More recently, it's popular to have "loot crates" in games like Overwatch, which give the player some random metagame items, such as skins. (more…)

This summer, Push the Lane, and “Management”

Posted: August 21, 2017 Under: Push the Lane By Keith Burgun 2 Comments

This summer, specifically the month of July and the first half of August, I decided, "I'm going to make a game". Many factors in my life had sort of come together at the same time to allow this. My programming abilities and my level of comfort with Unity had both come to a point where "I could make a thing" and where I can get around most problems I encounter (even if that means creating 10 bigger problems for future-me). I think I also felt that because 100 Rogues took two years, Auro took 5-6, and I haven't put out anything since Auro, I just really needed to get something out the door, desperately. I think my average time working in July was something like 10 hours a day, most of which I streamed on my Twitch channel. I think my record was around 13 hours which I hit a few times over. The streaming thing was a bit of an experiment for me; I haven't done much of that except the recent Dinofarm streams. It works well for me though. It keeps me on task, while also being maybe 10% social, just enough to make me feel like I'm not totally isolated. I usually had 1 or 2 viewers, sometimes as many as 5 or 6, and often zero viewers. But if there was even one, it was pretty great. Viewers had a ton of great comments and questions and there have been a lot of good discussions on the stream. The result of all this work is that I now have a game that's playable! Here are some of the features that Push the Lane currently has:

Four fully-functional characters each with their own abilities, strengths and weaknesses
6-7 different monster types, most of which who have something unique about them
Five different zone types which all have their own unique properties
Four different zone-bosses which each have their own unique abilities
About 15 items that you can buy in the shop, some of which are somewhat interesting
An optional deckbuilding system, which allows you to unlock cards, etc
Three game modes: Play Mode, which lets you pick characters and build your deck, Quick Play, which gives you a random character and no cards, and Custom, which allows you to do whatever you want
Single Player-Elo system, like in Auro.

The game

My original plan was to release Push the Lane at the very end of August, like August 28th or something. I still might do that, but I'm thinking of it in a different way. I will release Push the Lane around that time (maybe not on the 28th itself, we'll see) as an "Early Access" game on Steam. What's been hitting me the last couple days is that what I have here is a framework for a game. I mean, in many ways, it is a game. You can play it, and there are strategies and you can get good at it. I could probably just spend this week polishing this game as it is and then just add more content from here and I think people would think it's a decent enough single player videogame. But right now something is missing, and I feel like I know what it is, but I don't have the full answer yet on how to fix it. But I do feel like I know what the problem is, at least. Management The entire Clockwork Game Design thing can be worded as a methodology for "avoiding the trap of making a management game". Most videogames, and many board games, are really just "there's a lot of things going on. Manage them all in a way that makes you come out on top". That's alright, and that kind of "works". But without resorting to output randomness or other Skinner-box-like hooks, it's hard to make a management thing interesting for very long. And I think that's sort of the problem Push the Lane has right now. I designed it with a core mechanism in mind: lane-pushing. But as I was constructing stuff for the game, I was also constrained by two things: wanting to be accessible, and time limitations. I want this game to be accessible. Yes, I can pretty easily come up with some semi-abstract designer-board-game-like rules that will totally support that core mechanism of lane-pushing, but videogame players, by and large, will have to learn that stuff, and it's pretty unappealing for most people. I want Push the Lane to do with League of Legends does: be a videogame first, but sneakily support the core. That's why there's a lot of fighting, casting spells, buying items, power growth, and that sort of stuff. So basically, I had enough time this summer to "make a game", and I did do that. But I didn't have enough time to find a slick answer to "making a core-mechanism game that also happens to support the set of rules that videogame players already are comfortable with" - the "videogame rules", if you will. That's hard! I am confident that I will find those answers. I still have a few days left, so maybe something will come to me in that time.

One other thing

But there's one other factor that I kind of forgot about: I'm a human being! Over the last couple of months I have not been taking care of basic life business, like having social interactions, house chores and so on. I also need to get back to doing freelance work, which is usually my day-job (had a hole in the schedule this summer which I took advantage of). So, while I maybe could come up with these new gameplay rules and implement them in the next week, it's probably better if I just clean up what I have and shoot for an "early access" release. One thing that has been really helpful has been player feedback. Special shout-out to Bucky, who also was probably the world's top 100 Rogues player (and he's still writing great 100 Rogues guides if anyone's interested!) So hopefully Early Access can help me get a community excited about this game. Also I want to say THANK YOU so much to my Patreon supporters who were a big part in allowing me to get this far with this game this quickly. In particular, a special shout-out to Aaron Oman, and Jean-Marc Neilly. Thank you so much, everybody! Stay tuned, because I will probably have an announcement within a week about Push the Lane! being available for everyone to try out. <3

Fog of War in Push the Lane (and strategy games, generally)

Posted: April 27, 2017 Under: Game Design By 4 Comments

Today I'd like to spend a little time talking about the game design of Push the Lane, a game that I'm working on (and currently Kickstarting.) If you aren't up on the basics of what Push the Lane is, check out the Kickstarter page, or this page here on my site. A really great indie game designer who I follow, Arnold Rauers (designer of Card Thief, ENYO and Card Crawl), asked me recently why there is "fog of war" in Push the Lane. It's a reasonable question, and one that others also have asked me recently.

Fog of War

For those who don't know the terminology, "fog of war" in videogames has come to mean "areas of the map or grid on which the player is prevented from seeing some game-state information". So in StarCraft or League of Legends, most of the map is in fog most of the time. It's just those areas right around your units that you can see. These units give "vision" within some radius, which reveals updated information about who is within that little circle.

Most videogames do this somewhat haphazardly. In a game like StarCraft, by late game you can have many, many units all over the map, allowing you to see almost all of the map. One of my favorite games, Outwitters, also has this issue, where at the beginning of the game the entire map is a mystery, and near the end almost nothing is. That has always struck me as strange: if the fog of war is important, it's kind of weird that you can just get rid of it by making enough units and moving them around.

Randomness

I have a more sophisticated way of looking at stuff like fog of war in game design. Basically you can ask the question: at what point does new information reach the player? In games like Summoner Wars or Risk, you have zero time to respond to the sources of randomness - dice rolls. You take an action, then roll the dice to find out how it turned out. If you rolled badly, there's nothing you can do about that. That "one" you rolled will be in the match, influencing all future game states. This is why many players feel iffy about dice-roll combat in games or other forms of harsh randomness (which I often call "output randomness"). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qfFEP_-LkI At the other end of the spectrum, you have games like Chess or Go which have no random elements at all. This means that the player can essentially look ahead as much as they want / are able to, and so they should. And indeed, high level play does involve a lot of looking ahead. Players are forced to make a weird choice like, "should I keep calculating more moves ahead?" Even if you don't, the feeling that you could have is an oppressive one. Also oppressive is just the sheer amount of information that you're staring down in a perfect information game. This means you have all kinds of annoying easy and medium-hard calculation that you just have to do - stuff like "just make sure I don't put a unit in harm's way" that will probably be familiar to Chess players. So at both far-ends of the spectrum, you run into problems. So what you want is something in between. You want randomness, but you also want the new random information coming into the game to give players time to respond to it. Imagine in a card game, if you didn't draw from a face down deck, but there was a face-up market that you drew from that was constantly getting new cards. This is creating a little bit of "distance" between the player's input and the new random information. You can extend this further by making there be a "upcoming cards" zone, where the game first draws out cards face-up to this zone, where players can see what is coming to the market, but you can not choose these cards. They're kind of like a "next box" in Tetris, which also is this kind of randomness. I call this kind of randomness "input randomness".

The Information Horizon

That thing we are pushing back in that example is the information horizon: the point at which new information comes into the game. (I wrote about this issue more in this article, Uncapped Look-Ahead and the Information Horizon.) Games like chess do have an information horizon - how much the player is able (and willing) to look-ahead and calculate. The more they're willing to do that, the more raw information they're getting about the game. If you do twice as much of that as I do while we're playing each other, it's similar to if we're playing StarCraft and all your units have twice as long of a vision radius! We can see easily in that example how the strategy game of Chess is distinct. If you're playing StarCraft against a map-hacker, there is still a strategy game going on, but your opponent just has some extraneous resource, a huge well of bonus information that you do not have. The bigger point about perfect information games like chess are that the information horizon was not chosen carefully by the designer. In practice, they kind of end up working because most people have a similar degree of interest and capability to calculate, but if you take 5 more seconds every turn than I do and we're at a similar skill level, you'll probably beat me, just based on that alone.

Choosing the Information Horizon for Push the Lane

In Push the Lane, you have these lanes of gems, each with numbers on them, crashing into each other and reducing the number. The interactions are actually totally deterministic - they simply subtract their values from each other. So a red 5 hits a yellow 3 and you're left with a red 2, for example. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8AGSdzrea0 What is randomized is the rate of gem-spawn (it's something like every 3-6 turns, using a bag system for uniform spawn rate), and the specific number on the gem (which ranges from -25% to +25% of the tower's "power" rating, also using a bag system for uniformity). If you could see the whole board, there would be a lot of basic arithmetic that players would have to do in order to make decisions. Picture one lane, with a yellow 11, a yellow 17, and then a red 5, a red 9, and a red 8. Technically you can sit there and just math out those interactions and how they will go, and so, you should. But that's pretty oppressive to do to the player. We could also show the gems, but hide the numbers, as Arnold recently suggested, but... why? For what reason? If you don't know the numbers, how is it useful to know that there's a gem there? That information is a lot less useful than you might think, especially because of distance (which we'll talk about in the next section). The individual gems are not important. What is important is knowing generally "how pushed the lane is", which the colored tiles show the player, even through the fog.

Range

Another thing that factors in strongly here is the range of your abilities. Mostly, your abilities will affect units that are adjacent to you, or perhaps two tiles away. You won't have abilities that affect units halfway across the map, which is another reason you don't need to know what's over there right now. By the time you get over there, that gem won't be in that spot anymore. We want there to be a mostly deterministic game state, but in terms of the player's experience, we want information to be slowly feeding in at a rate that he has time to deal with it, but not show the player a huge wealth of information, most of which he can't do anything about right now anyway. It's emotionally oppressive as well as strategically confusing to show the player a bunch of information that he can't interact with, and that won't even be the same by the time he can interact with it. Do you want to play a version of this game where you have to sit there and do a bunch of simple math problems to know that if you move over to a certain tile, there should be a red 6 gem next to you by then? It's increasing the calculation for very little reason.

Using Fog Well

Don't think about fog in terms of a physical, literal thing. Don't build your fog around stuff like "field of view", where objects actually occlude the fog because "if it was a person they wouldn't be able to see behind the object". For strategy games, that is valuing the wrong things, and will cause you major problems. Also, don't allow the player to pay some in-game resource to increase the amount of information they can see. The information horizon is a very delicate thing; you shouldn't have StarCraft style "comsats" or a character vision upgrade or towers you can place that increase your vision. Certainly, if hidden information is important for your game, there shouldn't come some point where all the fog is removed from the map! Instead, think along the terms of random information entering the game, and what you want the player to know, and when you want them to know it. Two of the things that I am really proud of in the "fog" of Push the Lane are the colored lane tiles through the fog, and the fact that blue (non-lane) tiles aren't fogged at all. Things don't move, and aren't random on those tiles, so they should be known. Otherwise, the player would have to "remember" what was there. Similarly, buildings should be visible through the fog.

Conclusion

I have a lot more to say about fog of war that's beyond the scope of this article. For further reading, I would recommend checking out this article and this article. Also this article, where I responded to some concerns that Invisible, Inc. designer James Lantz leveled at my theory. And if you haven't already, please be sure to check out the Push the Lane Kickstarter, which is currently on day 4. Thanks for reading!

As always, you can support my work on Patreon.com as well. I'd like to give a special thanks to supporter Aaron Oman. Thank you!

Push the Lane Kickstarter is HERE!

Posted: April 24, 2017 Under: Kickstarter By No Comments

Woof! Putting together a Kickstarter is so much work. And then when you actually put it up, the work doesn't end, because you have to keep in touch with all your backers and try to get the word out about the Kickstarter somehow. Anyway, the Kickstarter is finally up! Please check it out, if you haven't yet. If you can back, backing early really helps. If you can't, spreading the word also helps. I have a lot of cool events and things planned for this Kickstarter. It is a lot of work, but it's also a lot of fun, and so far, it's going decently well. We made about 10% of our goal in the first three hours, and it's still rising. Here's hoping we get some press or something somehow! Thanks for reading, and thanks for your support. If you're wondering about non-Push-The-Lane stuff, here's other things which are upcoming:

I wrote the music to this game—check it out! It's coming soon to iOS and Steam.
A new article is in the works. Actually I have two, but I should make time to finish one in the next few days.
A new podcast episode is also coming soon. Probably a no-guest episode next - let me know if you have questions or anything you'd like me to address.
A new Hitscan episode is coming soon as well; it's been in the works for awhile. I also might have some guest Hitscan episodes.
Alakaram is still going! Some big updates on that coming soon (check Dinofarm's website for that).

Thanks again everyone!

Push the Lane Kickstarter launches Monday!

Posted: April 20, 2017 Under: Push the Lane By No Comments

Hi everyone! Wanted to let everyone know that barring any unforeseen events, I'll be launching the Kickstarter on this Monday the 24th! Mark your calendars. As you probably know, backing early is really important for the success of a Kickstarter. I'm pretty nervous about how it will go, but I also feel like I've done a lot of preparation, and I feel good about what this Kickstarter is presenting. I have some events planned that hopefully will help get the word out. If you know anyone who might be interested in a different kind of tactical strategy game, please make sure to let them know. I'll post here again once it's up, for sure!

Meet Push the Lane’s Tennor

Posted: April 19, 2017 Under: Push the Lane By No Comments

Tennor is the main character of my new game, Push the Lane's story. She's also (of course) one of the initial eight starting characters in the game. While her in-game mechanics still have a way to go (they will evolve with the design), some of her backstory and personality is solid enough to talk about. If you're here to read game-designy stuff, this article isn't for you, but I will have an article about Tennor's mechanics later one when they're more fleshed out. First, a little setting the stage:

Push the Lane takes place in the year 2101. The growth of physical technology such as computers, AI and space travel has massively slowed over the last fifty years. In response, humans have shifted their focus to studying the arts and social sciences, and have made massive advancements in those areas. The world's nations have come together to reduce global inequality and improve the environment, and there hasn't been a large scale violent conflict for the several decades.

Who is Tennor?

In grade school, people would ask Tennor what she wanted to be when she grew up, and just about every year she gave another answer. Musician was a common one—her parents had both introduced her to musical performance and given her guitar lessons at a young age. But she would also say programmer, doctor, lawyer, and for six months she also got really into marine biology.

Most people go to public university after high school, but Tennor chose not to. By the end of high school, her band, Minuette, was doing really well, and success was in sight. They had won the local Battle of the Bands, which had a cash prize large enough to pay a producer to help them make their first commercial EP. They worked hard on the self-titled debut EP for six months; far longer than most other bands. Certainly longer than their rival band, Glamma Ray, who seemed to put out a new album every few weeks. But while Glamma Ray was getting invited to "go orbital" (play shows on space stations), Minuette's self titled album was released to little fanfare. They got good reviews, and little else. Tennor's keyboardist and long time best friend, Lemon, noted the irony. "Glamma Ray's average reviewscore on megacritical is two-point-seven stars out of five. Ours is five out of five, but a lot of good it does us. Maybe we just need to suck more?" [caption id="attachment_2355" align="aligncenter" width="840"]

Above: Lemon[/caption]

Reception

Lemon and Tennor went way back. In middle school they'd pull pranks, like hide every cafeteria garbage can, or cartwheel-by the doors of full lecture classrooms. But throughout high school, Lemon started getting more and more involved in her parents' strange religion, brought to Earth by the first and only alien life to visit Earth, the Danza, back in 2071. This meant many things for Lemon, but what it meant for Lemon and Tennor's friendship was that Lemon seriously cut back on the pranks. For awhile, it had also been something that isolated Tennor from Lemon. Tennor was not at all religious and couldn't understand the strange ceremonies and behaviors and beliefs. So over time, their relationship was slightly strained by this, but it was much more strained by the difficulties with Minuette. Tennor was an extremely positive and optimistic person; a natural leader. She was always giving the band, including Lemon, big pep talks about what they were going to do, how they were going to do it, and that it was going to go great. Lemon trusted Tennor, and a few times, skipped out on her religious ceremonies and events to come to band rehearsal, a recording session, or a show (usually, for a mostly empty room).

Four months after their EP was released, Lemon told Tennor that she had to leave the band. She had been talking about wanting to go to this really expensive religious university on the moon colony for years, and she found a way to do it. Push the Lane. Tennor was incredulous that Lemon would be interested in participating in Push the Lane, the loud, competitive, highly physical game show. Not to mention, it's the most popular, corporate and generally most-uncool-thing-ever to a 21 year old. But Lemon had already thought it through, and she was going. If she could win, it'd pay her way through the Danza University program. Tennor didn't show it, but she was crushed. She lost her best friend and her band in one day—in one conversation, no less.

Lost

For a few months, Tennor tried to find a replacement keyboardist. Her drummer, Made, was supportive and wanted to keep the band going, which helped, but Made wasn't very driven. Lemon was like Tennor's partner, they would write music together and they both shared duties of managing the band. Soon, though, it started to set in that even if she could find a replacement, it just didn't seem like people wanted what she was selling. Maybe the whole thing just wasn't going to work out. She entered a depression. She considered going to school for something more practical, or maybe just finding a job. She didn't know what to do, or who she was. One morning, Tennor was absent-mindedly playing a Minuette song on an unplugged electric guitar while watching an episode of a TV show she had watched a dozen times before. She was broken from her trance by a sudden "pop" noise of a string breaking. She opened a drawer where she usually keeps extra sets of strings, and found none. Sighing, she realized she'd have to go to the music store. She dreaded being there, because the music store reminded her of her failures as a musician. Seeing young kids come in, all excited, seeing equipment that used to fill her with that same excitement, all had the opposite effect now. She turned a corner, and heard someone call her name. It was her high school music teacher, Professor Sallow. Tennor was mortified, and would have dodged this encounter if it had been possible, but it was too late now. Sallow quickly focused in on exactly the question Tennor didn't want to answer: what has she been up to? Tennor did her best to give a half-answer and moved quickly to turn the question back around. Professor Sallow explained that actually, she just got a new job, working for Push the Lane, as an instructor. "Is everyone joining this stupid show?" thought Tennor to herself. The professor gave Tennor one of her new business cards and told her that she should try out for it sometime, and that maybe she can be her teacher again. Tennor smiled the best possible fake smile should could, and then made up a lie about how it was nice bumping into her, and another lie about being in a hurry. She briskly exited the store, and then remembered that she forgot to buy strings. She couldn't go back in now; that would look weird, so she figured she'd come back again tomorrow.

Change of Plan

As the days passed by, she played with the card that Professor Sallow gave her. She glanced at a photograph of her and Lemon from back in high school. Maybe she should join this Push the Lane thing, Tennor thought. If she did well, the reward and fame would be a great springboard for her musical career. If she did well, maybe even really well, maybe Lemon would regret abandoning her. Maybe Tennor would be good at Push the Lane. She wasn't doing anything else right now anyway. And who knows—maybe it'd be fun. We'll see!